Jean-Baptiste Say

When people think of radical economic thinkers, they tend to reach for the obvious names. Marx, with his barricades and manifestos. Keynes, with his cocktail party brilliance and government spending programs. Maybe Milton Friedman, cigar in hand, telling everyone that inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon. Almost nobody reaches for Jean Baptiste Say.

There’s a peculiar shame attached to profit in modern discourse. We celebrate the entrepreneur who “gives back” but eye with suspicion the one who simply makes money. We applaud companies that announce charitable initiatives but question those that focus on doing one thing exceptionally well at a good price. This moral framework treats profit as