Alfred North Whitehead

There is a strange moment in every finance textbook where the author quietly asks you to believe in something you cannot see, touch, or verify. It usually arrives around chapter three. You are told that markets are efficient, that prices reflect all available information, and that rational agents make optimal decisions under uncertainty. No evidence […]

Alfred North Whitehead never managed a hedge fund. He never sat on a trading floor screaming about soybean futures. He was a mathematician and philosopher who spent his career thinking about how reality hangs together, how events relate to each other, and why the universe seems to care about elegance. And yet, if you take