Age of Ideology

The ‘Genius Tax’: Schopenhauer on Why Intelligent People Often Suffer More

There’s a curious paradox at the heart of human intelligence: the very capacity that should liberate us from suffering often becomes its most reliable generator. Arthur Schopenhauer, the 19th-century German philosopher who made pessimism intellectually respectable, spent considerable energy exploring why smart people seem to have drawn the short straw in life’s happiness lottery. His […]

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The French Philosopher Who Created a “Religion of Humanity” (Auguste Comte)

In the turbulent aftermath of the French Revolution, as Europe grappled with the ruins of old certainties and the promise of new ones, a strange figure emerged from the intellectual salons of Paris. Auguste Comte, a mathematician turned philosopher, would propose something so audacious it still seems fantastical today: a complete religion, with all the

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Nietzsche vs. Aristotle: Whose Vision of Excellence Wins?

Nietzsche vs. Aristotle: Whose Vision of Excellence Wins?

Two of history’s most influential philosophers separated by nearly two millennia offer radically different answers to one of humanity’s most enduring questions: What does it mean to live excellently? Aristotle, the systematic Greek thinker who tutored Alexander the Great, championed a balanced, socially integrated path to human flourishing. Friedrich Nietzsche, the iconoclastic German philologist writing

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How to Read Friedrich Nietzsche Without Becoming a Nihilist

How to Read Friedrich Nietzsche Without Becoming a Nihilist

Friedrich Nietzsche remains one of the most misunderstood philosophers in Western thought. His proclamation that “God is dead,” his critique of traditional morality, and his often fiery prose have led many readers to conclude that he was a prophet of nihilism—the belief that life is meaningless and all values are baseless. This interpretation couldn’t be

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Why Karl Marx Misunderstood Entrepreneurship

The Problem of Profit: Why Karl Marx Misunderstood Entrepreneurship

Karl Marx’s critique of capitalism, articulated most comprehensively in Das Kapital, remains one of the most influential economic theories in history. At its heart lies a powerful indictment: profit represents exploitation. According to Marx, capitalists extract surplus value from workers by paying them less than the value they create, pocketing the difference as profit. This

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